📘 Human Resource Management (HRM)

---

1. ✅ Recruitment

🔹 Definition:

Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting the right people to apply for jobs in an organisation.

🔹 Types of Recruitment:

• Internal Recruitment: Hiring from within the company.

  • Example: Promoting a current employee to a higher position.

• External Recruitment: Hiring from outside the company.

  • Example: Posting a job on LinkedIn to attract new applicants.

🔹 Steps in the Recruitment Process:

1. Identify the job vacancy.

2. Prepare job description and requirements.

3. Advertise the job.

4. Collect and screen applications.

5. Conduct interviews.

6. Select the best candidate.

---

2. 📚 Training and Development

🔹 Definition:

Training helps employees gain skills and knowledge to perform their jobs better.

🔹 Types of Training:

• On-the-job training: Learning while working.

  • Example: A cashier is being trained at the counter by a supervisor.

• Off-the-job training: Learning outside the workplace.

  • Example: Attending a seminar or workshop.

🔹 Benefits of Training:

• Improves employee performance.

• Increases job satisfaction.

• Reduces mistakes and accidents.

---

3. 💰 Compensation and Benefits

🔹 Definition:

Compensation is the total reward employees get for their work, including salary, bonuses, and benefits.

🔹 Types of Compensation:

• Direct Compensation: Salary, wages, bonuses.

  • Example: Monthly salary of TZS 1,000,000.

• Indirect Compensation (Benefits): Health insurance, retirement plans, paid leave.

  • Example: A company offering medical cover to employees.

🔹 Fair Compensation:

Important for motivation, retention, and employee satisfaction.

---

4. 🤝 Employee Relations

🔹 Definition:

Employee relations involve managing the relationship between the employer and employees to ensure a positive work environment.

🔹 Key Areas:

• Communication: Open and respectful exchange of ideas.

• Conflict Resolution: Handling disputes fairly.

  • Example: Solving a disagreement between two team members.

• Employee Engagement: Making employees feel involved and valued.

  • Example: Allowing employees to suggest improvements.

🔹 Importance of Good Employee Relations:

• Improves productivity.

• Reduces turnover.

• Creates a positive work culture.

---

📝 Summary Table

HRM Area	Focus	Example
Recruitment	Hiring the right people	Posting a job ad, interviewing candidates
Training	Building employee skills	On-the-job training for a new machine
Compensation	Fair and motivating pay	Giving bonuses for good performance
Employee Relations	Positive employer-employee relationship	Team-building activities, solving workplace conflicts

---